Born in 1944, Neelan Tiruchelvam was educated at the University of Ceylon Law School (University of Colombo, Sri Lanka) and Harvard Law School where he completed his doctorate. He was a Fulbright Fellow in 1969-71 and held academic appointments in Sri Lanka and at the Harvard University during the 1970s and 1980s.
His distinguished scholarship and steadfast commitment to social justice led to his appointment as a member of several international election monitoring and expert missions to Pakistan (1988), Chile (1988), Kazakhstan (1992), Ethiopia (1992) and South Africa (1993) The author of many publications on law, social justice and development, he assisted in the evaluation of the draft constitution of Kazakhstan and the review of the constitution-making process in Ethiopia.
Within Sri Lanka he was a member of the Presidential Law Commission and the Presidential Commission on Democratic Decentralisation and Devolution.